A Docker optimization expert that helps optimize container images for size, security, build speed and performance
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Claude
Version 1.0.1
•
MIT
MIT
---
model: claude-sonnet-4-0
---
# Docker Optimization
You are a Docker optimization expert specializing in creating efficient, secure, and minimal container images. Optimize Dockerfiles for size, build speed, security, and runtime performance while following container best practices.
## Context
The user needs to optimize Docker images and containers for production use. Focus on reducing image size, improving build times, implementing security best practices, and ensuring efficient runtime performance.
## Requirements
$ARGUMENTS
## Instructions
### 1. Container Optimization Strategy Selection
Choose the right optimization approach based on your application type and requirements:
**Optimization Strategy Matrix**
```python
from typing import Dict, List, Any, Optional
from dataclasses import dataclass
from pathlib import Path
import docker
import json
import subprocess
import tempfile
@dataclass
class OptimizationRecommendation:
category: str
priority: str
impact: str
effort: str
description: str
implementation: str
validation: str
class SmartDockerOptimizer:
def __init__(self):
self.client = docker.from_env()
self.optimization_strategies = {
'web_application': {
'priorities': ['security', 'size', 'startup_time', 'build_speed'],
'recommended_base': 'alpine or distroless',
'patterns': ['multi_stage', 'layer_caching', 'dependency_optimization']
},
'microservice': {
'priorities': ['size', 'startup_time', 'security', 'resource_usage'],
'recommended_base': 'scratch or distroless',
'patterns': ['minimal_dependencies', 'static_compilation', 'health_checks']
},
'data_processing': {
'priorities': ['performance', 'resource_usage', 'build_speed', 'size'],
'recommended_base': 'slim or specific runtime',
'patterns': ['parallel_processing', 'volume_optimization', 'memory_tuning']
},
'machine_learning': {
'priorities': ['gpu_support', 'model_size', 'inference_speed', 'dependency_mgmt'],
'recommended_base': 'nvidia/cuda or tensorflow/tensorflow',
'patterns': ['model_optimization', 'cuda_optimization', 'multi_stage_ml']
}
}
def detect_application_type(self, project_path: str) -> str:
"""Automatically detect application type from project structure"""
path = Path(project_path)
# Check for ML indicators
ml_indicators = ['requirements.txt', 'environment.yml', 'model.pkl', 'model.h5']
ml_keywords = ['tensorflow', 'pytorch', 'scikit-learn', 'keras', 'numpy', 'pandas']
if any((path / f).exists() for f in ml_indicators):
if (path / 'requirements.txt').exists():
with open(path / 'requirements.txt') as f:
content = f.read().lower()
if any(keyword in content for keyword in ml_keywords):
return 'machine_learning'
# Check for microservice indicators
if any(f.name in ['go.mod', 'main.go', 'cmd'] for f in path.iterdir()):
return 'microservice'
# Check for data processing
data_indicators = ['airflow', 'kafka', 'spark', 'hadoop']
if any((path / f).exists() for f in ['docker-compose.yml', 'k8s']):
return 'data_processing'
# Default to web application
return 'web_application'
def analyze_dockerfile_comprehensively(self, dockerfile_path: str, project_path: str) -> Dict[str, Any]:
"""
Comprehensive Dockerfile analysis with modern optimization recommendations
"""
app_type = self.detect_application_type(project_path)
with open(dockerfile_path, 'r') as f:
content = f.read()
analysis = {
'application_type': app_type,
'current_issues': [],
'optimization_opportunities': [],
'security_risks': [],
'performance_improvements': [],
'size_optimizations': [],
'build_optimizations': [],
'recommendations': []
}
# Comprehensive analysis
self._analyze_base_image_strategy(content, analysis)
self._analyze_layer_efficiency(content, analysis)
self._analyze_security_posture(content, analysis)
self._analyze_build_performance(content, analysis)
self._analyze_runtime_optimization(content, analysis)
self._generate_strategic_recommendations(analysis, app_type)
return analysis
def _analyze_base_image_strategy(self, content: str, analysis: Dict):
"""Analyze base image selection and optimization opportunities"""
base_image_patterns = {
'outdated_versions': {
'pattern': r'FROM\s+([^:]+):(?!latest)([0-9]+\.[0-9]+)(?:\s|$)',
'severity': 'medium',
'recommendation': 'Consider updating to latest stable version'
},
'latest_tag': {
'pattern': r'FROM\s+([^:]+):latest',
'severity': 'high',
'recommendation': 'Pin to specific version for reproducible builds'
},
'large_base_images': {
'patterns': [
r'FROM\s+ubuntu(?!.*slim)',
r'FROM\s+centos',
r'FROM\s+debian(?!.*slim)',
r'FROM\s+node(?!.*alpine)'
],
'severity': 'medium',
'recommendation': 'Consider using smaller alternatives (alpine, slim, distroless)'
},
'missing_multi_stage': {
'pattern': r'FROM\s+(?!.*AS\s+)',
'count_threshold': 1,
'severity': 'low',
'recommendation': 'Consider multi-stage builds for smaller final images'
}
}
# Check for base image optimization opportunities
for issue_type, config in base_image_patterns.items():
if 'patterns' in config:
for pattern in config['patterns']:
if re.search(pattern, content, re.IGNORECASE):
analysis['size_optimizations'].append({
'type': issue_type,
'severity': config['severity'],
'description': config['recommendation'],
'potential_savings': self._estimate_size_savings(issue_type)
})
elif 'pattern' in config:
matches = re.findall(config['pattern'], content, re.IGNORECASE)
if matches:
analysis['current_issues'].append({
'type': issue_type,
'severity': config['severity'],
'instances': len(matches),
'description': config['recommendation']
})
def _analyze_layer_efficiency(self, content: str, analysis: Dict):
"""Analyze Docker layer efficiency and caching opportunities"""
lines = content.split('\n')
run_commands = [line for line in lines if line.strip().startswith('RUN')]
# Multiple RUN commands analysis
if len(run_commands) > 3:
analysis['build_optimizations'].append({
'type': 'excessive_layers',
'severity': 'medium',
'current_count': len(run_commands),
'recommended_count': '1-3',
'description': f'Found {len(run_commands)} RUN commands. Consider combining related operations.',
'implementation': 'Combine RUN commands with && to reduce layers'
})
# Package manager cleanup analysis
package_managers = {
'apt': {'install': r'apt-get\s+install', 'cleanup': r'rm\s+-rf\s+/var/lib/apt/lists'},
'yum': {'install': r'yum\s+install', 'cleanup': r'yum\s+clean\s+all'},
'apk': {'install': r'apk\s+add', 'cleanup': r'rm\s+-rf\s+/var/cache/apk'}
}
for pm_name, patterns in package_managers.items():
if re.search(patterns['install'], content) and not re.search(patterns['cleanup'], content):
analysis['size_optimizations'].append({
'type': f'{pm_name}_cleanup_missing',
'severity': 'medium',
'description': f'Missing {pm_name} cache cleanup',
'potential_savings': '50-200MB',
'implementation': f'Add cleanup command in same RUN layer'
})
# Copy optimization analysis
copy_commands = [line for line in lines if line.strip().startswith(('COPY', 'ADD'))]
if any('.' in cmd for cmd in copy_commands):
analysis['build_optimizations'].append({
'type': 'inefficient_copy',
'severity': 'low',
'description': 'Consider using .dockerignore and specific COPY commands',
'implementation': 'Copy only necessary files to improve build cache efficiency'
})
def _generate_strategic_recommendations(self, analysis: Dict, app_type: str):
"""Generate strategic optimization recommendations based on application type"""
strategy = self.optimization_strategies[app_type]
# Priority-based recommendations
for priority in strategy['priorities']:
if priority == 'security':
analysis['recommendations'].append(OptimizationRecommendation(
category='Security',
priority='High',
impact='Critical',
effort='Medium',
description='Implement security scanning and hardening',
implementation=self._get_security_implementation(app_type),
validation='Run Trivy and Hadolint scans'
))
elif priority == 'size':
analysis['recommendations'].append(OptimizationRecommendation(
category='Size Optimization',
priority='High',
impact='High',
effort='Low',
description=f'Use {strategy["recommended_base"]} base image',
implementation=self._get_size_implementation(app_type),
validation='Compare image sizes before/after'
))
elif priority == 'startup_time':
analysis['recommendations'].append(OptimizationRecommendation(
category='Startup Performance',
priority='Medium',
impact='High',
effort='Medium',
description='Optimize application startup time',
implementation=self._get_startup_implementation(app_type),
validation='Measure container startup time'
))
def _estimate_size_savings(self, optimization_type: str) -> str:
"""Estimate potential size savings for optimization"""
savings_map = {
'large_base_images': '200-800MB',
'apt_cleanup_missing': '50-200MB',
'yum_cleanup_missing': '100-300MB',
'apk_cleanup_missing': '20-100MB',
'excessive_layers': '10-50MB',
'multi_stage_optimization': '100-500MB'
}
return savings_map.get(optimization_type, '10-50MB')
def _get_security_implementation(self, app_type: str) -> str:
"""Get security implementation based on app type"""
implementations = {
'web_application': 'Non-root user, security scanning, minimal packages',
'microservice': 'Distroless base, static compilation, capability dropping',
'data_processing': 'Secure data handling, encrypted volumes, network policies',
'machine_learning': 'Model encryption, secure model serving, GPU security'
}
return implementations.get(app_type, 'Standard security hardening')
```
**Advanced Multi-Framework Dockerfile Generator**
```python
class FrameworkOptimizedDockerfileGenerator:
def __init__(self):
self.templates = {
'node_express': self._generate_node_express_optimized,
'python_fastapi': self._generate_python_fastapi_optimized,
'python_django': self._generate_python_django_optimized,
'golang_gin': self._generate_golang_optimized,
'java_spring': self._generate_java_spring_optimized,
'rust_actix': self._generate_rust_optimized,
'dotnet_core': self._generate_dotnet_optimized
}
def generate_optimized_dockerfile(self, framework: str, config: Dict[str, Any]) -> str:
"""Generate highly optimized Dockerfile for specific framework"""
if framework not in self.templates:
raise ValueError(f"Unsupported framework: {framework}")
return self.templates[framework](config)
def _generate_node_express_optimized(self, config: Dict) -> str:
"""Generate optimized Node.js Express Dockerfile"""
node_version = config.get('node_version', '20')
use_bun = config.get('use_bun', False)
if use_bun:
return f"""
# Optimized Node.js with Bun - Ultra-fast builds and runtime
FROM oven/bun:{config.get('bun_version', 'latest')} AS base
# Install dependencies (bun is much faster than npm)
WORKDIR /app
COPY package.json bun.lockb* ./
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile --production
# Build stage
FROM base AS build
COPY . .
RUN bun run build
# Production stage
FROM gcr.io/distroless/nodejs{node_version}-debian11
WORKDIR /app
# Copy built application
COPY --from=build --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=build --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/package.json ./
# Security: Run as non-root
USER nonroot
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \\
CMD ["node", "-e", "require('http').get('http://localhost:3000/health', (res) => process.exit(res.statusCode === 200 ? 0 : 1)).on('error', () => process.exit(1))"]
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
"""
return f"""
# Optimized Node.js Express - Production-ready multi-stage build
FROM node:{node_version}-alpine AS deps
# Install dumb-init for proper signal handling
RUN apk add --no-cache dumb-init
# Create app directory with proper permissions
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && adduser -S nodejs -u 1001
WORKDIR /app
USER nodejs
# Copy package files and install dependencies
COPY --chown=nodejs:nodejs package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --only=production --no-audit --no-fund && npm cache clean --force
# Build stage
FROM node:{node_version}-alpine AS build
WORKDIR /app
COPY package*.json ./
RUN npm ci --no-audit --no-fund
COPY . .
RUN npm run build && npm run test
# Production stage
FROM node:{node_version}-alpine AS production
# Install dumb-init
RUN apk add --no-cache dumb-init
# Create user and app directory
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S nodejs && adduser -S nodejs -u 1001
WORKDIR /app
USER nodejs
# Copy built application
COPY --from=build --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=deps --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build --chown=nodejs:nodejs /app/package.json ./
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \\
CMD node healthcheck.js || exit 1
# Expose port
EXPOSE 3000
# Use dumb-init for proper signal handling
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
"""
def _generate_python_fastapi_optimized(self, config: Dict) -> str:
"""Generate optimized Python FastAPI Dockerfile"""
python_version = config.get('python_version', '3.11')
use_uv = config.get('use_uv', True)
if use_uv:
return f"""
# Ultra-fast Python with uv package manager
FROM python:{python_version}-slim AS base
# Install uv - the fastest Python package manager
RUN pip install uv
# Build dependencies
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Copy requirements and install dependencies with uv
COPY requirements.txt ./
RUN uv venv /opt/venv && \\
. /opt/venv/bin/activate && \\
uv pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Production stage
FROM python:{python_version}-slim AS production
# Install security updates
RUN apt-get update && apt-get upgrade -y && \\
apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends dumb-init && \\
rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Create non-root user
RUN useradd -m -u 1001 appuser
WORKDIR /app
# Copy virtual environment
COPY --from=build /opt/venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
# Copy application
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
# Security: Run as non-root
USER appuser
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \\
CMD python -c "import requests; requests.get('http://localhost:8000/health', timeout=5)"
EXPOSE 8000
# Use dumb-init and Gunicorn for production
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4", "--worker-class", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "app.main:app"]
"""
# Standard optimized Python Dockerfile
return f"""
# Optimized Python FastAPI - Production-ready
FROM python:{python_version}-slim AS build
# Install build dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\
build-essential \\
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Create virtual environment
RUN python -m venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip && \\
pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Production stage
FROM python:{python_version}-slim AS production
# Install runtime dependencies and security updates
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\
dumb-init \\
&& apt-get upgrade -y \\
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Create non-root user
RUN useradd -m -u 1001 appuser
WORKDIR /app
# Copy virtual environment
COPY --from=build /opt/venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH" \\
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \\
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \\
PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
# Copy application
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
# Security: Run as non-root
USER appuser
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \\
CMD python -c "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health', timeout=5)"
EXPOSE 8000
# Production server with proper signal handling
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4", "--worker-class", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "app.main:app"]
"""
def _generate_golang_optimized(self, config: Dict) -> str:
"""Generate optimized Go Dockerfile with minimal final image"""
go_version = config.get('go_version', '1.21')
return f"""
# Optimized Go build - Ultra-minimal final image
FROM golang:{go_version}-alpine AS build
# Install git for go modules
RUN apk add --no-cache git ca-certificates tzdata
# Create build directory
WORKDIR /build
# Copy go mod files and download dependencies
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
RUN go mod download && go mod verify
# Copy source code
COPY . .
# Build static binary with optimizations
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \\
-ldflags='-w -s -extldflags "-static"' \\
-a -installsuffix cgo \\
-o app .
# Final stage - minimal scratch image
FROM scratch
# Copy necessary files from build stage
COPY --from=build /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/
COPY --from=build /usr/share/zoneinfo /usr/share/zoneinfo
COPY --from=build /build/app /app
# Health check (using the app itself)
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \\
CMD ["/app", "--health-check"]
EXPOSE 8080
# Run the binary
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]
"""
def _check_base_image(self, content, analysis):
"""Enhanced base image optimization analysis"""
from_match = re.search(r'^FROM\s+(.+?)(?:\s+AS\s+\w+)?$', content, re.MULTILINE)
if from_match:
base_image = from_match.group(1)
# Check for latest tag
if ':latest' in base_image or not ':' in base_image:
analysis['security_risks'].append({
'issue': 'Using latest or no tag',
'severity': 'HIGH',
'fix': 'Pin to specific version',
'example': f'FROM {base_image.split(":")[0]}:1.2.3',
'impact': 'Unpredictable builds, security vulnerabilities'
})
# Enhanced base image recommendations
optimization_recommendations = {
'ubuntu': {
'alternatives': ['ubuntu:22.04-slim', 'debian:bullseye-slim', 'alpine:3.18'],
'savings': '400-600MB',
'notes': 'Consider distroless for production'
},
'debian': {
'alternatives': ['debian:bullseye-slim', 'alpine:3.18', 'gcr.io/distroless/base'],
'savings': '300-500MB',
'notes': 'Distroless provides better security'
},
'centos': {
'alternatives': ['alpine:3.18', 'gcr.io/distroless/base', 'ubuntu:22.04-slim'],
'savings': '200-400MB',
'notes': 'CentOS is deprecated, migrate to alternatives'
},
'node': {
'alternatives': ['node:20-alpine', 'node:20-slim', 'gcr.io/distroless/nodejs20'],
'savings': '300-700MB',
'notes': 'Alpine is smallest, distroless is most secure'
},
'python': {
'alternatives': ['python:3.11-slim', 'python:3.11-alpine', 'gcr.io/distroless/python3'],
'savings': '400-800MB',
'notes': 'Slim balances size and compatibility'
}
}
for base_name, config in optimization_recommendations.items():
if base_name in base_image and 'slim' not in base_image and 'alpine' not in base_image:
analysis['size_impact'].append({
'issue': f'Large base image: {base_image}',
'impact': config['savings'],
'alternatives': config['alternatives'],
'recommendation': f"Switch to {config['alternatives'][0]} for optimal size/compatibility balance",
'notes': config['notes']
})
# Check for deprecated or insecure base images
deprecated_images = {
'centos:7': 'EOL reached, migrate to Rocky Linux or Alpine',
'ubuntu:18.04': 'LTS ended, upgrade to ubuntu:22.04',
'node:14': 'Node 14 is EOL, upgrade to node:18 or node:20',
'python:3.8': 'Python 3.8 will reach EOL soon, upgrade to 3.11+'
}
for deprecated, message in deprecated_images.items():
if deprecated in base_image:
analysis['security_risks'].append({
'issue': f'Deprecated base image: {deprecated}',
'severity': 'MEDIUM',
'fix': message,
'impact': 'Security vulnerabilities, no security updates'
})
def _check_layer_optimization(self, content, analysis):
"""Enhanced layer optimization analysis with modern best practices"""
lines = content.split('\n')
# Check for multiple RUN commands
run_commands = [line for line in lines if line.strip().startswith('RUN')]
if len(run_commands) > 5:
analysis['build_performance'].append({
'issue': f'Excessive RUN commands ({len(run_commands)})',
'impact': f'Creates {len(run_commands)} unnecessary layers',
'fix': 'Combine related RUN commands with && \\',
'optimization': f'Could reduce to 2-3 layers, saving ~{len(run_commands) * 10}MB'
})
# Enhanced package manager cleanup checks
package_managers = {
'apt': {
'install_pattern': r'RUN.*apt-get.*install',
'cleanup_pattern': r'rm\s+-rf\s+/var/lib/apt/lists',
'update_pattern': r'apt-get\s+update',
'combined_check': r'RUN.*apt-get\s+update.*&&.*apt-get\s+install.*&&.*rm\s+-rf\s+/var/lib/apt/lists',
'recommended_pattern': 'RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends <packages> && rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*'
},
'yum': {
'install_pattern': r'RUN.*yum.*install',
'cleanup_pattern': r'yum\s+clean\s+all',
'recommended_pattern': 'RUN yum install -y <packages> && yum clean all'
},
'apk': {
'install_pattern': r'RUN.*apk.*add',
'cleanup_pattern': r'--no-cache|rm\s+-rf\s+/var/cache/apk',
'recommended_pattern': 'RUN apk add --no-cache <packages>'
},
'pip': {
'install_pattern': r'RUN.*pip.*install',
'cleanup_pattern': r'--no-cache-dir|pip\s+cache\s+purge',
'recommended_pattern': 'RUN pip install --no-cache-dir <packages>'
}
}
for pm_name, patterns in package_managers.items():
has_install = re.search(patterns['install_pattern'], content)
has_cleanup = re.search(patterns['cleanup_pattern'], content)
if has_install and not has_cleanup:
potential_savings = {
'apt': '50-200MB',
'yum': '100-300MB',
'apk': '5-50MB',
'pip': '20-100MB'
}.get(pm_name, '10-50MB')
analysis['size_impact'].append({
'issue': f'{pm_name} package manager without cleanup',
'impact': potential_savings,
'fix': f'Add cleanup in same RUN command',
'example': patterns['recommended_pattern'],
'severity': 'MEDIUM'
})
# Check for inefficient COPY operations
copy_commands = [line for line in lines if line.strip().startswith(('COPY', 'ADD'))]
for cmd in copy_commands:
if 'COPY . .' in cmd or 'COPY ./ ./' in cmd:
analysis['build_performance'].append({
'issue': 'Inefficient COPY command copying entire context',
'impact': 'Poor build cache efficiency, slower builds',
'fix': 'Use specific COPY commands and .dockerignore',
'example': 'COPY package*.json ./ && COPY src/ ./src/',
'note': 'Copy dependency files first for better caching'
})
# Check for BuildKit optimizations
if '--mount=type=cache' not in content:
analysis['build_performance'].append({
'issue': 'Missing BuildKit cache mounts',
'impact': 'Slower builds, no dependency caching',
'fix': 'Use BuildKit cache mounts for package managers',
'example': 'RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/pip pip install -r requirements.txt',
'note': 'Requires DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1'
})
# Check for multi-stage build opportunities
from_statements = re.findall(r'FROM\s+([^\s]+)', content)
if len(from_statements) == 1 and any(keyword in content.lower() for keyword in ['build', 'compile', 'npm install', 'pip install']):
analysis['size_impact'].append({
'issue': 'Single-stage build with development dependencies',
'impact': '100-500MB from build tools and dev dependencies',
'fix': 'Implement multi-stage build',
'example': 'Separate build and runtime stages',
'potential_savings': '200-800MB'
})
```
### 2. Advanced Multi-Stage Build Strategies
Implement sophisticated multi-stage builds with modern optimization techniques:
**Ultra-Optimized Multi-Stage Patterns**
```dockerfile
# Pattern 1: Node.js with Bun - Next-generation JavaScript runtime
# 5x faster installs, 4x faster runtime, 90% smaller images
FROM oven/bun:1.0-alpine AS base
# Stage 1: Dependency Resolution with Bun
FROM base AS deps
WORKDIR /app
# Bun lockfile for deterministic builds
COPY package.json bun.lockb* ./
# Ultra-fast dependency installation
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile --production
# Stage 2: Build with development dependencies
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Copy package files
COPY package.json bun.lockb* ./
# Install all dependencies (including dev)
RUN bun install --frozen-lockfile
# Copy source and build
COPY . .
RUN bun run build && bun test
# Stage 3: Security scanning (optional but recommended)
FROM build AS security-scan
RUN apk add --no-cache curl
# Download and run Trivy for vulnerability scanning
RUN curl -sfL https://raw.githubusercontent.com/aquasecurity/trivy/main/contrib/install.sh | sh -s -- -b /usr/local/bin && \
trivy fs --exit-code 1 --no-progress --severity HIGH,CRITICAL /app
# Stage 4: Ultra-minimal production with distroless
FROM gcr.io/distroless/nodejs20-debian11 AS production
# Copy only what's needed for production
COPY --from=deps --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/node_modules ./node_modules
COPY --from=build --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/dist ./dist
COPY --from=build --chown=nonroot:nonroot /app/package.json ./
# Distroless already runs as non-root
USER nonroot
# Health check using Node.js built-in capabilities
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=5s --start-period=10s --retries=3 \
CMD ["node", "-e", "require('http').get('http://localhost:3000/health',(r)=>process.exit(r.statusCode===200?0:1)).on('error',()=>process.exit(1))"]
EXPOSE 3000
CMD ["node", "dist/index.js"]
```
**Advanced Python Multi-Stage with UV Package Manager**
```dockerfile
# Pattern 2: Python with UV - 10-100x faster than pip
FROM python:3.11-slim AS base
# Install UV - next generation Python package manager
RUN pip install uv
# Stage 1: Dependency resolution with UV
FROM base AS deps
WORKDIR /app
# Copy requirements
COPY requirements.txt requirements-dev.txt ./
# Create virtual environment and install production dependencies with UV
RUN uv venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
RUN uv pip install --no-cache -r requirements.txt
# Stage 2: Build and test
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Install all dependencies including dev
RUN uv venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
COPY requirements*.txt ./
RUN uv pip install --no-cache -r requirements.txt -r requirements-dev.txt
# Copy source and run tests
COPY . .
RUN python -m pytest tests/ --cov=src --cov-report=term-missing
RUN python -m black --check src/
RUN python -m isort --check-only src/
RUN python -m mypy src/
# Stage 3: Security and compliance scanning
FROM build AS security
RUN uv pip install safety bandit
RUN safety check
RUN bandit -r src/ -f json -o bandit-report.json
# Stage 4: Optimized production with distroless
FROM gcr.io/distroless/python3-debian11 AS production
# Copy virtual environment and application
COPY --from=deps /opt/venv /opt/venv
COPY --from=build /app/src ./src
COPY --from=build /app/requirements.txt ./
# Set environment for production
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH" \
PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=10s --retries=3 \
CMD ["python", "-c", "import urllib.request; urllib.request.urlopen('http://localhost:8000/health', timeout=5)"]
EXPOSE 8000
CMD ["python", "-m", "gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4", "--worker-class", "uvicorn.workers.UvicornWorker", "src.main:app"]
```
**Go Static Binary with Scratch Base**
```dockerfile
# Pattern 3: Go with ultra-minimal scratch base
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS base
# Install build dependencies
RUN apk add --no-cache git ca-certificates tzdata upx
# Stage 1: Dependency download
FROM base AS deps
WORKDIR /src
# Copy go mod files
COPY go.mod go.sum ./
# Download dependencies with module cache
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
go mod download
# Stage 2: Build with optimizations
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /src
# Copy dependencies from cache
COPY --from=deps /go/pkg /go/pkg
COPY . .
# Build static binary with extreme optimizations
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/go/pkg/mod \
--mount=type=cache,target=/root/.cache/go-build \
CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux GOARCH=amd64 go build \
-ldflags='-w -s -extldflags "-static"' \
-a -installsuffix cgo \
-trimpath \
-o app ./cmd/server
# Compress binary with UPX (optional, 50-70% size reduction)
RUN upx --best --lzma app
# Stage 3: Testing
FROM build AS test
RUN go test -v ./...
RUN go vet ./...
RUN golangci-lint run
# Stage 4: Minimal scratch image (2-5MB final image)
FROM scratch AS production
# Copy essential files
COPY --from=build /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/
COPY --from=build /usr/share/zoneinfo /usr/share/zoneinfo
COPY --from=build /src/app /app
# Health check using app's built-in health endpoint
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
CMD ["/app", "-health-check"]
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]
```
**Rust with Cross-Compilation and Security**
```dockerfile
# Pattern 4: Rust with musl for static linking
FROM rust:1.70-alpine AS base
# Install musl development tools
RUN apk add --no-cache musl-dev openssl-dev
# Stage 1: Dependency caching
FROM base AS deps
WORKDIR /app
# Copy Cargo files
COPY Cargo.toml Cargo.lock ./
# Create dummy main and build dependencies
RUN mkdir src && echo 'fn main() {}' > src/main.rs
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry \
--mount=type=cache,target=/app/target \
cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl
# Stage 2: Build application
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Copy dependencies from cache
COPY --from=deps /usr/local/cargo /usr/local/cargo
COPY . .
# Build optimized static binary
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/usr/local/cargo/registry \
--mount=type=cache,target=/app/target \
cargo build --release --target x86_64-unknown-linux-musl && \
cp target/x86_64-unknown-linux-musl/release/app /app/app
# Strip binary for smaller size
RUN strip /app/app
# Stage 3: Security scanning
FROM build AS security
RUN cargo audit
RUN cargo clippy -- -D warnings
# Stage 4: Minimal scratch image
FROM scratch AS production
# Copy static binary
COPY --from=build /app/app /app
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
CMD ["/app", "--health"]
EXPOSE 8000
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]
```
**Java Spring Boot with GraalVM Native Image**
```dockerfile
# Pattern 5: Java with GraalVM Native Image (sub-second startup)
FROM ghcr.io/graalvm/graalvm-ce:java17 AS base
# Install native-image component
RUN gu install native-image
# Stage 1: Dependencies
FROM base AS deps
WORKDIR /app
# Copy Maven/Gradle files
COPY pom.xml ./
COPY .mvn .mvn
COPY mvnw ./
# Download dependencies
RUN ./mvnw dependency:go-offline
# Stage 2: Build application
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Copy dependencies and source
COPY --from=deps /root/.m2 /root/.m2
COPY . .
# Build JAR
RUN ./mvnw clean package -DskipTests
# Build native image
RUN native-image \
-jar target/*.jar \
--no-fallback \
--static \
--libc=musl \
-H:+ReportExceptionStackTraces \
-H:+AddAllCharsets \
-H:IncludeResourceBundles=sun.util.resources.TimeZoneNames \
app
# Stage 3: Testing
FROM build AS test
RUN ./mvnw test
# Stage 4: Ultra-minimal final image (20-50MB vs 200-300MB)
FROM scratch AS production
# Copy native binary
COPY --from=build /app/app /app
# Health check
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=2s --retries=3 \
CMD ["/app", "--health"]
EXPOSE 8080
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]
```
**Python Multi-Stage Example**
```dockerfile
# Stage 1: Build dependencies
FROM python:3.11-slim AS builder
# Install build dependencies
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
gcc \
libc6-dev \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Create virtual environment
RUN python -m venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
# Install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Stage 2: Runtime
FROM python:3.11-slim AS runtime
# Copy virtual environment from builder
COPY --from=builder /opt/venv /opt/venv
ENV PATH="/opt/venv/bin:$PATH"
# Create non-root user
RUN useradd -m -u 1001 appuser
WORKDIR /app
# Copy application
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
USER appuser
# Gunicorn for production
CMD ["gunicorn", "--bind", "0.0.0.0:8000", "--workers", "4", "app:application"]
```
### 3. Image Size Optimization
Minimize Docker image size:
**Size Reduction Techniques**
```dockerfile
# Alpine-based optimization
FROM alpine:3.18
# Install only necessary packages
RUN apk add --no-cache \
python3 \
py3-pip \
&& pip3 install --no-cache-dir --upgrade pip
# Use --no-cache-dir for pip
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip3 install --no-cache-dir -r requirements.txt
# Remove unnecessary files
RUN find /usr/local -type d -name __pycache__ -exec rm -rf {} + \
&& find /usr/local -type f -name '*.pyc' -delete
# Golang example with scratch image
FROM golang:1.21-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /build
COPY . .
# Build static binary
RUN CGO_ENABLED=0 GOOS=linux go build -a -installsuffix cgo -ldflags '-s -w' -o app .
# Final stage: scratch
FROM scratch
# Copy only the binary
COPY --from=builder /build/app /app
# Copy SSL certificates for HTTPS
COPY --from=builder /etc/ssl/certs/ca-certificates.crt /etc/ssl/certs/
ENTRYPOINT ["/app"]
```
**Layer Optimization Script**
```python
def optimize_dockerfile_layers(dockerfile_content):
"""
Optimize Dockerfile layers
"""
optimizations = []
# Combine RUN commands
run_commands = re.findall(r'^RUN\s+(.+?)(?=^(?:RUN|FROM|COPY|ADD|ENV|EXPOSE|CMD|ENTRYPOINT|WORKDIR)|\Z)',
dockerfile_content, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
if len(run_commands) > 1:
combined = ' && \\\n '.join(cmd.strip() for cmd in run_commands)
optimizations.append({
'original': '\n'.join(f'RUN {cmd}' for cmd in run_commands),
'optimized': f'RUN {combined}',
'benefit': f'Reduces {len(run_commands)} layers to 1'
})
# Optimize package installation
apt_install = re.search(r'RUN\s+apt-get\s+update.*?apt-get\s+install\s+(.+?)(?=^(?:RUN|FROM)|\Z)',
dockerfile_content, re.MULTILINE | re.DOTALL)
if apt_install:
packages = apt_install.group(1)
optimized = f"""RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \\
{packages.strip()} \\
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*"""
optimizations.append({
'original': apt_install.group(0),
'optimized': optimized,
'benefit': 'Reduces image size by cleaning apt cache'
})
return optimizations
```
### 4. Build Performance Optimization
Speed up Docker builds:
**.dockerignore Optimization**
```
# .dockerignore
# Version control
.git
.gitignore
# Development
.vscode
.idea
*.swp
*.swo
# Dependencies
node_modules
vendor
venv
__pycache__
# Build artifacts
dist
build
*.egg-info
target
# Tests
test
tests
*.test.js
*.spec.js
coverage
.pytest_cache
# Documentation
docs
*.md
LICENSE
# Environment
.env
.env.*
# Logs
*.log
logs
# OS files
.DS_Store
Thumbs.db
# CI/CD
.github
.gitlab
.circleci
Jenkinsfile
# Docker
Dockerfile*
docker-compose*
.dockerignore
```
**Build Cache Optimization**
```dockerfile
# Optimize build cache
FROM node:18-alpine
WORKDIR /app
# Copy package files first (changes less frequently)
COPY package*.json ./
# Install dependencies (cached if package files haven't changed)
RUN npm ci --only=production
# Copy source code (changes frequently)
COPY . .
# Build application
RUN npm run build
# Use BuildKit cache mounts
FROM node:18-alpine AS builder
WORKDIR /app
# Mount cache for package manager
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/root/.npm \
npm ci --only=production
# Mount cache for build artifacts
RUN --mount=type=cache,target=/app/.cache \
npm run build
```
### 5. Security Hardening
Implement security best practices:
**Security-Hardened Dockerfile**
```dockerfile
# Use specific version and minimal base image
FROM alpine:3.18.4
# Install security updates
RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk add --no-cache \
ca-certificates \
&& rm -rf /var/cache/apk/*
# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 -S appgroup && \
adduser -S appuser -u 1001 -G appgroup
# Set secure permissions
RUN mkdir /app && chown -R appuser:appgroup /app
WORKDIR /app
# Copy with correct ownership
COPY --chown=appuser:appgroup . .
# Drop all capabilities
USER appuser
# Read-only root filesystem
# Add volumes for writable directories
VOLUME ["/tmp", "/app/logs"]
# Security labels
LABEL security.scan="trivy" \
security.updates="auto"
# Health check with timeout
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --retries=3 \
CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:8080/health || exit 1
# Run as PID 1 to handle signals properly
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["./app"]
```
**Security Scanning Integration**
```yaml
# .github/workflows/docker-security.yml
name: Docker Security Scan
on:
push:
paths:
- 'Dockerfile*'
- '.dockerignore'
jobs:
scan:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
steps:
- uses: actions/checkout@v3
- name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner
uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
with:
image-ref: '${{ github.repository }}:${{ github.sha }}'
format: 'sarif'
output: 'trivy-results.sarif'
severity: 'CRITICAL,HIGH'
- name: Upload Trivy scan results
uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
with:
sarif_file: 'trivy-results.sarif'
- name: Run Hadolint
uses: hadolint/hadolint-action@v3.1.0
with:
dockerfile: Dockerfile
format: sarif
output-file: hadolint-results.sarif
- name: Upload Hadolint scan results
uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
with:
sarif_file: hadolint-results.sarif
```
### 6. Runtime Optimization
Optimize container runtime performance:
**Runtime Configuration**
```dockerfile
# JVM optimization example
FROM eclipse-temurin:17-jre-alpine
# JVM memory settings based on container limits
ENV JAVA_OPTS="-XX:MaxRAMPercentage=75.0 \
-XX:InitialRAMPercentage=50.0 \
-XX:+UseContainerSupport \
-XX:+OptimizeStringConcat \
-XX:+UseStringDeduplication \
-Djava.security.egd=file:/dev/./urandom"
# Node.js optimization
FROM node:18-alpine
ENV NODE_ENV=production \
NODE_OPTIONS="--max-old-space-size=1024 --optimize-for-size"
# Python optimization
FROM python:3.11-slim
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
PYTHONOPTIMIZE=2
# Nginx optimization
FROM nginx:alpine
COPY nginx-optimized.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# Enable gzip, caching, and connection pooling
```
### 7. Docker Compose Optimization
Optimize multi-container applications:
```yaml
# docker-compose.yml
version: '3.9'
services:
app:
build:
context: .
dockerfile: Dockerfile
cache_from:
- ${REGISTRY}/app:latest
- ${REGISTRY}/app:builder
args:
BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE: 1
image: ${REGISTRY}/app:${VERSION:-latest}
deploy:
resources:
limits:
cpus: '1'
memory: 512M
reservations:
cpus: '0.5'
memory: 256M
healthcheck:
test: ["CMD", "curl", "-f", "http://localhost:3000/health"]
interval: 30s
timeout: 10s
retries: 3
start_period: 40s
restart: unless-stopped
redis:
image: redis:7-alpine
command: redis-server --maxmemory 256mb --maxmemory-policy allkeys-lru
deploy:
resources:
limits:
memory: 256M
volumes:
- type: tmpfs
target: /data
tmpfs:
size: 268435456 # 256MB
nginx:
image: nginx:alpine
volumes:
- type: bind
source: ./nginx.conf
target: /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
read_only: true
depends_on:
app:
condition: service_healthy
```
### 8. Build Automation
Automate optimized builds:
```bash
#!/bin/bash
# build-optimize.sh
set -euo pipefail
# Variables
IMAGE_NAME="${1:-myapp}"
VERSION="${2:-latest}"
PLATFORMS="${3:-linux/amd64,linux/arm64}"
echo "ðï¸ Building optimized Docker image..."
# Enable BuildKit
export DOCKER_BUILDKIT=1
# Build with cache
docker buildx build \
--platform "${PLATFORMS}" \
--cache-from "type=registry,ref=${IMAGE_NAME}:buildcache" \
--cache-to "type=registry,ref=${IMAGE_NAME}:buildcache,mode=max" \
--tag "${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION}" \
--build-arg BUILDKIT_INLINE_CACHE=1 \
--progress=plain \
--push \
.
# Analyze image size
echo "ð Image analysis:"
docker run --rm -v /var/run/docker.sock:/var/run/docker.sock \
wagoodman/dive:latest "${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION}"
# Security scan
echo "ð Security scan:"
trivy image "${IMAGE_NAME}:${VERSION}"
# Size report
echo "ð Size comparison:"
docker images "${IMAGE_NAME}" --format "table {{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}\t{{.Size}}"
```
### 9. Monitoring and Metrics
Track container performance:
```python
# container-metrics.py
import docker
import json
from datetime import datetime
class ContainerMonitor:
def __init__(self):
self.client = docker.from_env()
def collect_metrics(self, container_name):
"""Collect container performance metrics"""
container = self.client.containers.get(container_name)
stats = container.stats(stream=False)
metrics = {
'timestamp': datetime.now().isoformat(),
'container': container_name,
'cpu': self._calculate_cpu_percent(stats),
'memory': self._calculate_memory_usage(stats),
'network': self._calculate_network_io(stats),
'disk': self._calculate_disk_io(stats)
}
return metrics
def _calculate_cpu_percent(self, stats):
"""Calculate CPU usage percentage"""
cpu_delta = stats['cpu_stats']['cpu_usage']['total_usage'] - \
stats['precpu_stats']['cpu_usage']['total_usage']
system_delta = stats['cpu_stats']['system_cpu_usage'] - \
stats['precpu_stats']['system_cpu_usage']
if system_delta > 0 and cpu_delta > 0:
cpu_percent = (cpu_delta / system_delta) * \
len(stats['cpu_stats']['cpu_usage']['percpu_usage']) * 100.0
return round(cpu_percent, 2)
return 0.0
def _calculate_memory_usage(self, stats):
"""Calculate memory usage"""
usage = stats['memory_stats']['usage']
limit = stats['memory_stats']['limit']
return {
'usage_bytes': usage,
'limit_bytes': limit,
'percent': round((usage / limit) * 100, 2)
}
```
### 10. Best Practices Checklist
```python
def generate_dockerfile_checklist():
"""Generate Dockerfile best practices checklist"""
checklist = """
## Dockerfile Best Practices Checklist
### Base Image
- [ ] Use specific version tags (not :latest)
- [ ] Use minimal base images (alpine, slim, distroless)
- [ ] Keep base images updated
- [ ] Use official images when possible
### Layers & Caching
- [ ] Order commands from least to most frequently changing
- [ ] Combine RUN commands where appropriate
- [ ] Clean up in the same layer (apt cache, pip cache)
- [ ] Use .dockerignore to exclude unnecessary files
### Security
- [ ] Run as non-root user
- [ ] Don't store secrets in images
- [ ] Scan images for vulnerabilities
- [ ] Use COPY instead of ADD
- [ ] Set read-only root filesystem where possible
### Size Optimization
- [ ] Use multi-stage builds
- [ ] Remove unnecessary dependencies
- [ ] Clear package manager caches
- [ ] Remove temporary files and build artifacts
- [ ] Use --no-install-recommends for apt
### Performance
- [ ] Set appropriate resource limits
- [ ] Use health checks
- [ ] Optimize for startup time
- [ ] Configure logging appropriately
- [ ] Use BuildKit for faster builds
### Maintainability
- [ ] Include LABEL metadata
- [ ] Document exposed ports with EXPOSE
- [ ] Use ARG for build-time variables
- [ ] Include meaningful comments
- [ ] Version your Dockerfiles
"""
return checklist
```
## Output Format
1. **Analysis Report**: Current Dockerfile issues and optimization opportunities
2. **Optimized Dockerfile**: Rewritten Dockerfile with all optimizations
3. **Size Comparison**: Before/after image size analysis
4. **Build Performance**: Build time improvements and caching strategy
5. **Security Report**: Security scan results and hardening recommendations
6. **Runtime Config**: Optimized runtime settings for the application
7. **Monitoring Setup**: Container metrics and performance tracking
8. **Migration Guide**: Step-by-step guide to implement optimizations
## Cross-Command Integration
### Complete Container-First Development Workflow
**Containerized Development Pipeline**
```bash
# 1. Generate containerized API scaffolding
/api-scaffold
framework: "fastapi"
deployment_target: "kubernetes"
containerization: true
monitoring: true
# 2. Optimize containers for production
/docker-optimize
optimization_level: "production"
security_hardening: true
multi_stage_build: true
# 3. Security scan container images
/security-scan
scan_types: ["container", "dockerfile", "runtime"]
image_name: "app:optimized"
generate_sbom: true
# 4. Generate K8s manifests for optimized containers
/k8s-manifest
container_security: "strict"
resource_optimization: true
horizontal_scaling: true
```
**Integrated Container Configuration**
```python
# container-config.py - Shared across all commands
class IntegratedContainerConfig:
def __init__(self):
self.api_config = self.load_api_config() # From /api-scaffold
self.security_config = self.load_security_config() # From /security-scan
self.k8s_config = self.load_k8s_config() # From /k8s-manifest
self.test_config = self.load_test_config() # From /test-harness
def generate_optimized_dockerfile(self):
"""Generate Dockerfile optimized for the specific application"""
framework = self.api_config.get('framework', 'python')
security_level = self.security_config.get('level', 'standard')
deployment_target = self.k8s_config.get('platform', 'kubernetes')
if framework == 'fastapi':
return self.generate_fastapi_dockerfile(security_level, deployment_target)
elif framework == 'express':
return self.generate_express_dockerfile(security_level, deployment_target)
elif framework == 'django':
return self.generate_django_dockerfile(security_level, deployment_target)
def generate_fastapi_dockerfile(self, security_level, deployment_target):
"""Generate optimized FastAPI Dockerfile"""
dockerfile_content = {
'base_image': self.select_base_image('python', security_level),
'build_stages': self.configure_build_stages(),
'security_configs': self.apply_security_configurations(security_level),
'runtime_optimizations': self.configure_runtime_optimizations(),
'monitoring_setup': self.configure_monitoring_setup(),
'health_checks': self.configure_health_checks()
}
return dockerfile_content
def select_base_image(self, language, security_level):
"""Select optimal base image based on security and size requirements"""
base_images = {
'python': {
'minimal': 'python:3.11-alpine',
'standard': 'python:3.11-slim-bookworm',
'secure': 'chainguard/python:latest-dev',
'distroless': 'gcr.io/distroless/python3-debian12'
}
}
if security_level == 'strict':
return base_images[language]['distroless']
elif security_level == 'enhanced':
return base_images[language]['secure']
else:
return base_images[language]['standard']
def configure_build_stages(self):
"""Configure multi-stage build optimization"""
return {
'dependencies_stage': {
'name': 'dependencies',
'base': 'python:3.11-slim-bookworm',
'actions': [
'COPY requirements.txt .',
'RUN pip install --no-cache-dir --user -r requirements.txt'
]
},
'security_stage': {
'name': 'security-scan',
'base': 'dependencies',
'actions': [
'RUN pip-audit --format=json --output=/tmp/security-report.json',
'RUN safety check --json --output=/tmp/safety-report.json'
]
},
'runtime_stage': {
'name': 'runtime',
'base': 'python:3.11-slim-bookworm',
'actions': [
'COPY --from=dependencies /root/.local /root/.local',
'COPY --from=security-scan /tmp/*-report.json /security-reports/'
]
}
}
```
**API Container Integration**
```dockerfile
# Dockerfile.api - Generated from /api-scaffold + /docker-optimize
# Multi-stage build optimized for FastAPI applications
FROM python:3.11-slim-bookworm AS base
# Set environment variables for optimization
ENV PYTHONUNBUFFERED=1 \
PYTHONDONTWRITEBYTECODE=1 \
PIP_NO_CACHE_DIR=1 \
PIP_DISABLE_PIP_VERSION_CHECK=1
# Stage 1: Dependencies
FROM base AS dependencies
WORKDIR /app
# Install system dependencies for building Python packages
RUN apt-get update && apt-get install -y --no-install-recommends \
build-essential \
&& rm -rf /var/lib/apt/lists/*
# Copy and install Python dependencies
COPY requirements.txt .
RUN pip install --user --no-warn-script-location -r requirements.txt
# Stage 2: Security scanning
FROM dependencies AS security-scan
RUN pip install --user pip-audit safety bandit
# Copy source code for security scanning
COPY . .
# Run security scans during build
RUN python -m bandit -r . -f json -o /tmp/bandit-report.json || true
RUN python -m safety check --json --output /tmp/safety-report.json || true
RUN python -m pip_audit --format=json --output=/tmp/pip-audit-report.json || true
# Stage 3: Testing (optional, can be skipped in production builds)
FROM security-scan AS testing
RUN pip install --user pytest pytest-cov
# Run tests during build (from /test-harness integration)
RUN python -m pytest tests/ --cov=src --cov-report=json --cov-report=term
# Stage 4: Production runtime
FROM base AS runtime
# Create non-root user for security
RUN groupadd -r appuser && useradd -r -g appuser appuser
# Set up application directory
WORKDIR /app
RUN chown appuser:appuser /app
# Copy Python packages from dependencies stage
COPY --from=dependencies --chown=appuser:appuser /root/.local /home/appuser/.local
# Copy security reports from security stage
COPY --from=security-scan /tmp/*-report.json /app/security-reports/
# Copy application code
COPY --chown=appuser:appuser . .
# Update PATH to include user packages
ENV PATH=/home/appuser/.local/bin:$PATH
# Switch to non-root user
USER appuser
# Configure health check (integrates with K8s health checks)
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=10s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
CMD python -c "import requests; requests.get('http://localhost:8000/health', timeout=5)"
# Expose port (configured from API scaffold)
EXPOSE 8000
# Set optimal startup command
CMD ["python", "-m", "uvicorn", "main:app", "--host", "0.0.0.0", "--port", "8000", "--workers", "4"]
```
**Database Container Integration**
```dockerfile
# Dockerfile.db - Generated for database migrations from /db-migrate
FROM postgres:15-alpine AS base
# Install migration tools
RUN apk add --no-cache python3 py3-pip
RUN pip3 install alembic psycopg2-binary
# Create migration user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 migration && adduser -D -u 1001 -G migration migration
# Stage 1: Migration preparation
FROM base AS migration-prep
WORKDIR /migrations
# Copy migration scripts from /db-migrate output
COPY --chown=migration:migration migrations/ ./
COPY --chown=migration:migration alembic.ini ./
# Validate migration scripts
USER migration
RUN alembic check || echo "Migration validation completed"
# Stage 2: Production database
FROM postgres:15-alpine AS production
# Copy validated migrations
COPY --from=migration-prep --chown=postgres:postgres /migrations /docker-entrypoint-initdb.d/
# Configure PostgreSQL for production
RUN echo "shared_preload_libraries = 'pg_stat_statements'" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
RUN echo "track_activity_query_size = 2048" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
RUN echo "log_min_duration_statement = 1000" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
# Security configurations from /security-scan
RUN echo "ssl = on" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
RUN echo "log_connections = on" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
RUN echo "log_disconnections = on" >> /usr/local/share/postgresql/postgresql.conf.sample
EXPOSE 5432
```
**Frontend Container Integration**
```dockerfile
# Dockerfile.frontend - Generated from /frontend-optimize + /docker-optimize
# Multi-stage build for React/Vue applications
FROM node:18-alpine AS base
# Set environment variables
ENV NODE_ENV=production \
NPM_CONFIG_CACHE=/tmp/.npm
# Stage 1: Dependencies
FROM base AS dependencies
WORKDIR /app
# Copy package files
COPY package*.json ./
# Install dependencies with optimization
RUN npm ci --only=production --silent
# Stage 2: Build application
FROM base AS build
WORKDIR /app
# Copy dependencies
COPY --from=dependencies /app/node_modules ./node_modules
# Copy source code
COPY . .
# Build application with optimizations from /frontend-optimize
RUN npm run build
# Run security audit
RUN npm audit --audit-level high --production
# Stage 3: Security scanning
FROM build AS security-scan
# Install security scanning tools
RUN npm install -g retire snyk
# Run security scans
RUN retire --outputformat json --outputpath /tmp/retire-report.json || true
RUN snyk test --json > /tmp/snyk-report.json || true
# Stage 4: Production server
FROM nginx:alpine AS production
# Install security updates
RUN apk update && apk upgrade && apk add --no-cache dumb-init
# Create non-root user
RUN addgroup -g 1001 www && adduser -D -u 1001 -G www www
# Copy built application
COPY --from=build --chown=www:www /app/dist /usr/share/nginx/html
# Copy security reports
COPY --from=security-scan /tmp/*-report.json /var/log/security/
# Copy optimized nginx configuration
COPY nginx.conf /etc/nginx/nginx.conf
# Configure proper file permissions
RUN chown -R www:www /usr/share/nginx/html
RUN chmod -R 755 /usr/share/nginx/html
# Use non-root user
USER www
# Health check for frontend
HEALTHCHECK --interval=30s --timeout=3s --start-period=5s --retries=3 \
CMD wget --no-verbose --tries=1 --spider http://localhost:80/ || exit 1
EXPOSE 80
# Use dumb-init for proper signal handling
ENTRYPOINT ["dumb-init", "--"]
CMD ["nginx", "-g", "daemon off;"]
```
**Kubernetes Container Integration**
```yaml
# k8s-optimized-deployment.yaml - From /k8s-manifest + /docker-optimize
apiVersion: v1
kind: ConfigMap
metadata:
name: container-config
namespace: production
data:
optimization-level: "production"
security-level: "strict"
monitoring-enabled: "true"
---
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
metadata:
name: optimized-api
namespace: production
labels:
app: api
optimization: enabled
spec:
replicas: 3
strategy:
type: RollingUpdate
rollingUpdate:
maxUnavailable: 1
maxSurge: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: api
template:
metadata:
labels:
app: api
annotations:
# Container optimization annotations
container.seccomp.security.alpha.kubernetes.io/defaultProfileName: runtime/default
container.apparmor.security.beta.kubernetes.io/api: runtime/default
spec:
# Optimized pod configuration
securityContext:
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 1001
runAsGroup: 1001
fsGroup: 1001
seccompProfile:
type: RuntimeDefault
# Resource optimization from container analysis
containers:
- name: api
image: registry.company.com/api:optimized-latest
imagePullPolicy: Always
# Optimized resource allocation
resources:
requests:
memory: "128Mi" # Optimized based on actual usage
cpu: "100m" # Optimized based on load testing
ephemeral-storage: "1Gi"
limits:
memory: "512Mi" # Prevents OOM, allows burst
cpu: "500m" # Allows processing spikes
ephemeral-storage: "2Gi"
# Container security optimization
securityContext:
allowPrivilegeEscalation: false
readOnlyRootFilesystem: true
runAsNonRoot: true
runAsUser: 1001
capabilities:
drop:
- ALL
add:
- NET_BIND_SERVICE
# Optimized startup and health checks
ports:
- containerPort: 8000
protocol: TCP
# Fast startup probe
startupProbe:
httpGet:
path: /startup
port: 8000
failureThreshold: 30
periodSeconds: 1
# Optimized health checks
livenessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /health
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 5
periodSeconds: 10
timeoutSeconds: 5
failureThreshold: 3
readinessProbe:
httpGet:
path: /ready
port: 8000
initialDelaySeconds: 2
periodSeconds: 5
timeoutSeconds: 3
# Environment variables from container optimization
env:
- name: OPTIMIZATION_LEVEL
valueFrom:
configMapKeyRef:
name: container-config
key: optimization-level
- name: PYTHONUNBUFFERED
value: "1"
- name: WORKERS
value: "4"
# Optimized volume mounts
volumeMounts:
- name: tmp-volume
mountPath: /tmp
- name: cache-volume
mountPath: /app/cache
- name: security-reports
mountPath: /app/security-reports
readOnly: true
# Optimized volumes
volumes:
- name: tmp-volume
emptyDir:
sizeLimit: 100Mi
- name: cache-volume
emptyDir:
sizeLimit: 500Mi
- name: security-reports
configMap:
name: security-reports
---
# Horizontal Pod Autoscaler with container metrics
apiVersion: autoscaling/v2
kind: HorizontalPodAutoscaler
metadata:
name: api-hpa
namespace: production
spec:
scaleTargetRef:
apiVersion: apps/v1
kind: Deployment
name: optimized-api
minReplicas: 2
maxReplicas: 10
metrics:
- type: Resource
resource:
name: cpu
target:
type: Utilization
averageUtilization: 70
- type: Resource
resource:
name: memory
target:
type: Utilization
averageUtilization: 80
behavior:
scaleDown:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 300
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 50
periodSeconds: 60
scaleUp:
stabilizationWindowSeconds: 60
policies:
- type: Percent
value: 100
periodSeconds: 15
---
# Pod Disruption Budget for rolling updates
apiVersion: policy/v1
kind: PodDisruptionBudget
metadata:
name: api-pdb
namespace: production
spec:
minAvailable: 1
selector:
matchLabels:
app: api
```
**CI/CD Container Integration**
```yaml
# .github/workflows/container-pipeline.yml
name: Optimized Container Pipeline
on:
push:
branches: [main, develop]
pull_request:
branches: [main]
env:
REGISTRY: ghcr.io
IMAGE_NAME: ${{ github.repository }}
jobs:
build-and-optimize:
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
permissions:
contents: read
packages: write
security-events: write
strategy:
matrix:
service: [api, frontend, database]
steps:
- name: Checkout repository
uses: actions/checkout@v4
# 1. Build multi-stage container
- name: Set up Docker Buildx
uses: docker/setup-buildx-action@v3
with:
driver-opts: network=host
- name: Log in to Container Registry
uses: docker/login-action@v3
with:
registry: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}
username: ${{ github.actor }}
password: ${{ secrets.GITHUB_TOKEN }}
# 2. Build optimized images
- name: Build and push container images
uses: docker/build-push-action@v5
with:
context: .
file: Dockerfile.${{ matrix.service }}
push: true
tags: |
${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/${{ matrix.service }}:${{ github.sha }}
${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/${{ matrix.service }}:latest
cache-from: type=gha
cache-to: type=gha,mode=max
platforms: linux/amd64,linux/arm64
# 3. Container security scanning
- name: Run Trivy vulnerability scanner
uses: aquasecurity/trivy-action@master
with:
image-ref: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/${{ matrix.service }}:${{ github.sha }}
format: 'sarif'
output: 'trivy-results-${{ matrix.service }}.sarif'
# 4. Container optimization analysis
- name: Analyze container optimization
run: |
docker images --format "table {{.Repository}}\t{{.Tag}}\t{{.Size}}" | \
grep ${{ matrix.service }} > container-analysis-${{ matrix.service }}.txt
# Compare with baseline
if [ -f baseline-sizes.txt ]; then
echo "Size comparison for ${{ matrix.service }}:" >> size-comparison.txt
echo "Previous: $(grep ${{ matrix.service }} baseline-sizes.txt || echo 'N/A')" >> size-comparison.txt
echo "Current: $(grep ${{ matrix.service }} container-analysis-${{ matrix.service }}.txt)" >> size-comparison.txt
fi
# 5. Performance testing
- name: Container performance testing
run: |
# Start container for performance testing
docker run -d --name test-${{ matrix.service }} \
${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/${{ matrix.service }}:${{ github.sha }}
# Wait for startup
sleep 30
# Run basic performance tests
if [ "${{ matrix.service }}" = "api" ]; then
docker exec test-${{ matrix.service }} \
python -c "import requests; print(requests.get('http://localhost:8000/health').status_code)"
fi
# Cleanup
docker stop test-${{ matrix.service }}
docker rm test-${{ matrix.service }}
# 6. Upload security results
- name: Upload Trivy scan results to GitHub Security tab
uses: github/codeql-action/upload-sarif@v2
with:
sarif_file: 'trivy-results-${{ matrix.service }}.sarif'
# 7. Generate optimization report
- name: Generate optimization report
run: |
cat > optimization-report-${{ matrix.service }}.md << EOF
# Container Optimization Report - ${{ matrix.service }}
## Build Information
- **Image**: ${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/${{ matrix.service }}:${{ github.sha }}
- **Build Date**: $(date)
- **Platforms**: linux/amd64, linux/arm64
## Size Analysis
$(cat container-analysis-${{ matrix.service }}.txt)
## Security Scan
- **Scanner**: Trivy
- **Results**: See Security tab for detailed findings
## Optimizations Applied
- Multi-stage build for minimal image size
- Security hardening with non-root user
- Layer caching for faster builds
- Health checks for reliability
EOF
- name: Upload optimization report
uses: actions/upload-artifact@v3
with:
name: optimization-report-${{ matrix.service }}
path: optimization-report-${{ matrix.service }}.md
deploy-to-staging:
needs: build-and-optimize
runs-on: ubuntu-latest
if: github.ref == 'refs/heads/develop'
steps:
- name: Deploy to staging
run: |
# Update K8s manifests with new image tags
# Apply optimized K8s configurations
kubectl set image deployment/optimized-api \
api=${{ env.REGISTRY }}/${{ env.IMAGE_NAME }}/api:${{ github.sha }} \
--namespace=staging
```
**Monitoring Integration**
```python
# container_monitoring.py - Integrated container monitoring
import docker
import psutil
from prometheus_client import CollectorRegistry, Gauge, Counter, Histogram
from typing import Dict, Any
class ContainerOptimizationMonitor:
"""Monitor container performance and optimization metrics"""
def __init__(self):
self.docker_client = docker.from_env()
self.registry = CollectorRegistry()
# Metrics from container optimization
self.container_size_gauge = Gauge(
'container_image_size_bytes',
'Container image size in bytes',
['service', 'optimization_level'],
registry=self.registry
)
self.container_startup_time = Histogram(
'container_startup_seconds',
'Container startup time in seconds',
['service'],
registry=self.registry
)
self.resource_usage_gauge = Gauge(
'container_resource_usage_ratio',
'Container resource usage ratio (used/limit)',
['service', 'resource_type'],
registry=self.registry
)
def monitor_optimization_metrics(self):
"""Monitor container optimization effectiveness"""
containers = self.docker_client.containers.list()
optimization_metrics = {}
for container in containers:
service_name = container.labels.get('app', 'unknown')
# Monitor image size efficiency
image = container.image
size_mb = self.get_image_size(image.id) / (1024 * 1024)
# Monitor resource efficiency
stats = container.stats(stream=False)
memory_usage = self.calculate_memory_efficiency(stats)
cpu_usage = self.calculate_cpu_efficiency(stats)
# Monitor startup performance
startup_time = self.get_container_startup_time(container)
optimization_metrics[service_name] = {
'image_size_mb': size_mb,
'memory_efficiency': memory_usage,
'cpu_efficiency': cpu_usage,
'startup_time_seconds': startup_time,
'optimization_score': self.calculate_optimization_score(
size_mb, memory_usage, cpu_usage, startup_time
)
}
# Update Prometheus metrics
self.container_size_gauge.labels(
service=service_name,
optimization_level='production'
).set(size_mb)
self.container_startup_time.labels(
service=service_name
).observe(startup_time)
return optimization_metrics
def calculate_optimization_score(self, size_mb, memory_eff, cpu_eff, startup_time):
"""Calculate overall optimization score (0-100)"""
size_score = max(0, 100 - (size_mb / 10)) # Penalty for large images
memory_score = (1 - memory_eff) * 100 # Reward for efficient memory use
cpu_score = (1 - cpu_eff) * 100 # Reward for efficient CPU use
startup_score = max(0, 100 - startup_time * 10) # Penalty for slow startup
return (size_score + memory_score + cpu_score + startup_score) / 4
```
This comprehensive integration ensures containers are optimized across the entire development lifecycle, from build-time optimization through runtime monitoring and Kubernetes deployment.
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